Ingxoxo ngokusetshenziswa kwezibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo ezakhiweni

Umthombo: I-China Security World Network

Ukukhanyisa izimo eziphuthumayo zomlilo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwakha izakhi zokuvikela umlilo kanye nezinsiza, okuhlanganisa ukukhanya kwezimo eziphuthumayo zomlilo kanye nezibani zezimpawu eziphuthumayo zomlilo, ezaziwa nangokuthi izibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo kanye nezimpawu zezinkomba zokuphuma.Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukuqinisekisa ukukhishwa okuphephile kwabasebenzi, ukuphikelela komsebenzi ezindaweni ezikhethekile kanye nemisebenzi yokulwa nomlilo kanye nokuhlenga lapho uhlelo olujwayelekile lokukhanyisa lungasakwazi ukunikeza ukukhanya uma kwenzeka umlilo.Isidingo esiyisisekelo siwukuthi abantu esakhiweni bangakwazi ukubona kalula indawo yokuphuma ezimweni eziphuthumayo kanye nomzila oshiwo wokuphuma ngosizo lokukhanya okuthile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yomphakathi.

Inani elikhulu lamacala omlilo libonisa ukuthi ngenxa yokumiswa okungenangqondo kwezindawo zokufuduka zokuphepha noma ukukhishwa okungalungile ezakhiweni zomphakathi, abasebenzi abakwazi ukuthola kahle noma ukukhomba indawo yokuphuma okuphuthumayo emlilweni, okungenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zobunzima. ukufa kanye nezingozi zomlilo.Ngakho-ke, kufanele sinake ukubaluleka okukhulu kokuthi izibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo zingadlala indima yazo efanele emlilweni.Kuhlanganiswe nomkhuba weminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi futhi ngokuvumelana nezinhlinzeko ezifanele zekhodi yomklamo wokuvikela umlilo wezakhiwo (GB50016-2006) (ngemuva kwalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi ikhodi yokwakha), umbhali ukhuluma ngemibono yakhe mayelana nokusetshenziswa izibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo ezakhiweni.

1. Ukusetha uhla lwamalambu ezimo eziphuthumayo.

I-athikili 11.3.1 yemithethonqubo yokwakha ibeka ukuthi izingxenye ezilandelayo zezakhiwo zomphakathi, izimboni kanye nezindawo zokugcina impahla zesigaba C ngaphandle kwezakhiwo zokuhlala zizohlonyiswa ngamalambu okukhanyisa ezimo eziphuthumayo:

1. Izitebhisi ezivalekile, izitebhisi ezingangenwa intuthu kanye negumbi lazo langaphambili, igumbi elingaphambili legumbi eliphakela umlilo noma igumbi elingaphambili elihlanganyelwe;
2. Igumbi lokulawula umlilo, igumbi lephampu yomlilo, igumbi lokuphehla ugesi elizihlinzekela ngokwalo, igumbi lokusabalalisa ugesi, indawo yokulawula intuthu kanye negumbi lokukhipha intuthu namanye amagumbi asadinga ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile uma kusha;
3. Ihholo, ihholo lemibukiso, ihholo lebhizinisi, ihholo elinemisebenzi eminingi kanye nendawo yokudlela enendawo yokwakha engaphezu kuka-400m2, nesitudiyo esinendawo yokwakha engaphezu kuka-200m2;
4. Amabhilidi angaphansi noma angaphansi komhlaba noma amagumbi okusebenzela umphakathi ezindaweni ezingaphansi nangaphansi nendawo engaphansi enendawo yokwakha engaphezu kuka-300m2;
5. Izindlela zokuphuma kwabantu ezakhiweni zomphakathi.

I-athikili 11.3.4 yemithethonqubo yokwakha ibeka ukuthi izakhiwo zomphakathi, izitshalo eziphakeme kakhulu (izindawo zokugcina izimpahla) kanye nezitshalo zesigaba A, B kanye no-C kufanele zihlonyiswe ngezimpawu zezinkomba zokuphuma ezilula eduze kwezindlela zokuphuma kanye nezindawo zokuphuma eziphuthumayo kanye nangaphezulu ngqo kweminyango yokuphuma. izindawo ezinabantu abaningi.

I-athikili 11.3.5 yemithethonqubo yokwakha ibeka ukuthi izakhiwo ezilandelayo noma izindawo zizohlinzekwa ngezimpawu zokuphuma kokukhanya noma izimpawu zokuphuma kokukhanya okungagcina ukubonakala okuqhubekayo endaweni yokuhamba ngezinyawo kanye nemizila emikhulu yokuphuma:

1. Izakhiwo zemibukiso ezinendawo yokwakhiwa isiyonke engaphezu kuka-8000m2;
2. Izitolo ezingaphezulu komhlaba ezinendawo yokwakhiwa isiyonke engaphezu kuka-5000m2;
3. Izitolo ezingaphansi komhlaba nezingaphansi komhlaba ezinendawo yokwakhiwa engaphezu kwama-500m2;
4. Ukuzijabulisa kwezingoma nomdanso, izindawo zokuhlungela nezokuzijabulisa;
5. Amasinema namahholo anezihlalo ezingaphezu kuka-1500 nezindawo zokuzivocavoca, amahholo noma amahholo anezihlalo ezingaphezu kuka-3000.

Ikhodi yebhilidi ibala ukusethwa kwezibani zezimo eziphuthumayo njengesahluko esiseceleni ukuze kuchazwe kabanzi.Uma iqhathaniswa nekhodi yasekuqaleni yomklamo wokuvikela umlilo wezakhiwo (gbj16-87), yandisa ngokuphawulekayo ububanzi bokusetha izibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo futhi igqamisa ukusethwa okuyisibopho kwezibani zomaka ezimo eziphuthumayo.Isibonelo, kubekwe ukuthi izibani zezimo eziphuthumayo zomlilo kufanele zibekwe ezingxenyeni ezishiwo zezakhiwo zomphakathi ezijwayelekile (ngaphandle kwezakhiwo zokuhlala) kanye nefektri (inqolobane), izakhiwo zomphakathi, imboni ephakeme (inqolobane) Ngaphandle kwekilasi D no-E, izindlela zokuphuma, izindawo zokuphuma eziphuthumayo, iminyango yokuphuma kanye nezinye izingxenye zesikhungo zizosethwa ngezimpawu zokuphuma ezikhanyayo, kanye nezakhiwo ezinesilinganiso esithile njengezakhiwo zomphakathi, izitolo ezingaphansi komhlaba (ezingaphansi komhlaba) kanye nezindawo zokuzijabulisa zengoma nezomdanso nezokungcebeleka. izokwengezwa nokukhanya okuphansi noma izimpawu zokuphuma kwesitoreji esikhanyayo.

Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, amayunithi amaningi okuklama awakuqondi ukucaciswa ngokwanele, asebenzise indinganiso ngokunethezeka, futhi anciphisa umklamo ojwayelekile ngaphandle kokugunyazwa.Bavame ukunaka kuphela ukwakhiwa kwezibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi kanye nezakhiwo ezinkulu zomphakathi.Ezitshalweni zezimboni ezinezitezi eziningi (izindawo zokugcina impahla) kanye nezakhiwo zomphakathi ezijwayelekile, izibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo aziklanyelwe, ikakhulukazi ukwengezwa kwezibani eziphansi noma izimpawu zokuphuma kwesitoreji esikhanyayo, ezingeke zisetshenziswe ngokuqinile.Bacabanga ukuthi akunandaba ukuthi bamisiwe noma cha.Lapho kubuyekezwa idizayini yokuvikela umlilo, izisebenzi zokwakha kanye nokubuyekezwa kwezinye izikhungo eziqondisayo zokuvikela umlilo zehlulekile ukulawula ngokuqinile ngenxa yokungaqondi kahle ukuqonda kanye nomehluko ekuqondeni okucacisiwe, okuholele ekuhlulekeni noma ekungamisweni okwanele kwezibani zezimo eziphuthumayo ezindaweni eziningi. amaphrojekthi, okuholela engozini "yokuzalwa" yomlilo efihliwe yephrojekthi.

Ngakho-ke, iyunithi yokuklama kanye nenhlangano yokuqondisa umlilo kufanele ifake ukubaluleka okukhulu ekwakhiweni kwezibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo, ihlele abasebenzi ukuze baqinise ukutadisha nokuqonda okucacisiwe, ukuqinisa ukumemezela nokuqaliswa kokucaciswa, nokuthuthukisa izinga lethiyori.Kuphela uma umklamo usendaweni futhi ukuhlola kulawulwa ngokuqinile lapho singaqinisekisa ukuthi izibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo zidlala indima yazo efanele emlilweni.

I-2, Imodi yokunikeza amandla izibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo.
I-athikili 11.1.4 yemithethonqubo yokwakha ibeka ukuthi * *isekethe yokuphakelwa kukagesi izokwamukelwa amathuluzi kagesi okulwa nomlilo.Uma ukukhiqizwa kanye nogesi wasekhaya unqanyulwa, ugesi wokucisha umlilo usazoqinisekiswa.

Njengamanje, izibani zezimo eziphuthumayo zomlilo ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izindlela ezimbili zokuhlinzeka ngogesi: eyodwa iwuhlobo lokulawula oluzimele olunamandla ayo.Okusho ukuthi, ukunikezwa kwamandla okujwayelekile kuxhunywe kwisekethe yamandla okukhanyisa engu-220V evamile, futhi ibhethri yesibani esiphuthumayo ishajwa ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile.

Uma ugesi ojwayelekile unqanyulwa, ugesi obekwe eceleni (ibhethri) uzonikezela ngogesi ngokuzenzakalelayo.Lolu hlobo lwesibani lunezinzuzo zokutshala izimali ezincane kanye nokufakwa okulula;Okunye ukuphakelwa kukagesi okumaphakathi kanye nohlobo lokulawula oluphakathi nendawo.Okusho ukuthi, akukho ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzimele kumalambu aphuthumayo.Lapho ugesi wokukhanyisa ovamile unqanyulwa, uzonikwa amandla uhlelo lokuphakela amandla oluphakathi nendawo.Lolu hlobo lwesibani lulungele ukuphathwa kwendawo eyodwa futhi lunokwethenjelwa okuhle kwesistimu.Uma ukhetha imodi yokunikezwa kwamandla yezibani ezikhanyisa izimo eziphuthumayo, izokhethwa ngokunengqondo ngokuya ngesimo esithile.

Ngokuvamile, ezindaweni ezincane kanye namaphrojekthi wokuhlobisa wesibili, uhlobo lokulawula oluzimele olunamandla alo lungakhethwa.Kumaphrojekthi amasha noma amaphrojekthi anegumbi lokulawula umlilo, ukunikezwa kwamandla okuphakathi nendawo kanye nohlobo lokulawula oluphakathi nendawo kuzokhethwa ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ekugadweni nasekuhlolweni kwansuku zonke, kutholakala ukuthi ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa izibani eziphuthumayo zokulawula umlilo ezizimele ezizimele.Isibani ngasinye kuleli fomu sinenani elikhulu lezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezifana nokuguqulwa kwe-voltage, ukuqina kwamandla kagesi, ukushaja, i-inverter nebhethri.Ibhethri idinga ukushajwa futhi ishajwe lapho isibani esiphuthumayo sisetshenziswa, silungiswa futhi sihluleka.Isibonelo, izibani ezivamile zokukhanyisa nezimo eziphuthumayo zomlilo zisebenzisa isifunda esifanayo, ukuze izibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo zihlale zisesimweni sokushaja futhi zikhishwe, Idala ukulahlekelwa okukhulu ebhethri, isheshisa ukuchithwa kwebhethri lesibani esiphuthumayo, futhi sina. kuthinta impilo yesevisi yesibani.Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezinye izindawo, abaphathi bomlilo bavame ukuthola ukwephulwa "okujwayelekile" kokulwa nomlilo ukuthi uhlelo lokukhanyisa oluphuthumayo alukwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile, iningi lazo elibangelwa ukwehluleka kwesifunda sokunikezwa kwamandla kwezibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo.

Ngakho-ke, lapho ubuyekeza umdwebo kagesi, inhlangano yokuqondisa umlilo kufanele inake kakhulu ukuthi ngabe isifunda sokunikezwa kwamandla siyamukelwa yini izibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo.

3, Ukubekwa komugqa kanye nokukhethwa kocingo kwezibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo.

Isigaba 11.1.6 semithethonqubo yokwakha ibeka ukuthi ulayini wokusabalalisa wezinto zikagesi zokulwa nomlilo kufanele uhlangabezane nezidingo zokunikezwa kwamandla okuqhubekayo uma kwenzeka umlilo, futhi ukubekwa kwawo kuzohambisana nalezi zinhlinzeko ezilandelayo:

1. Uma kwenzeka ukubekwa okufihliwe, kuzobekwa ngepayipi kanye nesakhiwo esingashi, futhi ubukhulu besendlalelo sokuzivikela akumele sibe ngaphansi kuka-3cm.Uma kwenzeka indawo evulekile (okuhlanganisa nokubeka ophahleni), izodlula epayipini lensimbi noma i-trunking yensimbi evaliwe, futhi izinyathelo zokuvikela umlilo zizothathwa;
2. Uma kusetshenziswa izintambo ezingashi noma ezikwazi ukumelana nomlilo, izinyathelo zokuvikela umlilo angeke zithathwe uma kubekwe emithonjeni yezintambo kanye nemisele yezintambo;
3. Uma kusetshenziswa izintambo ezingashi ezifakwe ngamaminerali, zingabekwa endaweni evulekile;
4. Kufanele ibekwe ngokuhlukana kweminye imigqa yokusabalalisa;Lapho ibekwe emseleni ofanayo womthombo, kufanele ihlelwe nhlangothi zombili zomsele womthombo ngokulandelana.

Izibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni isakhiwo, okubandakanya ngokuyisisekelo zonke izingxenye zomphakathi zesakhiwo.Uma ipayipi lingafakwanga endaweni, kulula kakhulu ukubangela isifunda esivulekile, isifunda esifushane kanye nokuvuza kwezintambo zikagesi emlilweni, okungeke kwenze izibani eziphuthumayo zidlale indima yazo efanele, kodwa futhi ziholele kwezinye izinhlekelele nezingozi.Izibani eziphuthumayo ezinamagesi aphakathi nendawo zinezidingo eziphakeme kulayini, ngoba ukunikezwa kwamandla kwalezi zibani eziphuthumayo kuxhunywe emgqeni oyinhloko webhodi lokusabalalisa.Uma nje ingxenye eyodwa yolayini oyinhloko ilimele noma izibani zifinyeziwe, zonke izibani eziphuthumayo kuwo wonke ulayini zizolimala.

Ekuhlolweni komlilo nokwamukelwa kwamanye amaphrojekthi, kuvame ukutholakala ukuthi lapho imigqa yezibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo ifihliwe, ubukhulu besendlalelo sokuzivikela abukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo, azikho izinyathelo zokuvimbela umlilo ezithathwa lapho zivezwa, izintambo. sebenzisa izintambo ezivamile ezigoqelwe noma izintambo eziwumgogodla we-aluminium, futhi akukho ukucutshungulwa kwamapayipi noma i-trunking yensimbi evaliwe ukuze uvikeleke.Ngisho noma izinyathelo ezishiwo zokuvikela umlilo zithathwa, ama-hoses, amabhokisi okuhlangana kanye nezixhumi ezifakwe ezibani azikwazi ukuvikelwa ngokuphumelelayo, noma ngisho zivezwe ngaphandle.Ezinye izibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo zixhunywe ngokuqondile kusokhethi kanye nolayini wesibani ovamile okhanyayo ngemuva kweswishi.Lezi zindlela ezingezona ezijwayelekile zokubeka nokufakwa kwezibani zivamile kumaphrojekthi wokuhlobisa nokwakhiwa kabusha kwezinye izindawo ezincane zomphakathi, futhi ukulimala okubangelwa yizo nakho kubi kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, kufanele sihambisane ngokuqinile nemigomo nemithetho kazwelonke efanele, siqinise ukuvikelwa nokukhethwa kwezintambo zomugqa wokusabalalisa wezibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo, sithenge ngokuqinile futhi sisebenzise imikhiqizo, izintambo nezintambo ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke, futhi senze umsebenzi omuhle ukuvikelwa komlilo komugqa wokusabalalisa.

4, Ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuhlelwa kwezibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo.

Isigaba 11.3.2 semithethonqubo yokwakha ibeka ukuthi ukukhanya kwezibani ezikhanyisa izimo eziphuthumayo ezakhiweni kufanele kuhlangabezane nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:
1. Izinga eliphansi lokukhanya eliphansi kwendlela yokuhamba akumele libe ngaphansi kuka-0.5lx;
2. Ukukhanya kwezinga eliphansi eliphansi ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-1LX;
3. Izinga eliphansi lokukhanya kwezitebhisi akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-5lx;
4. Izibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo zegumbi lokulawula umlilo, igumbi lephampu yomlilo, igumbi lokuphehla ugesi ezihlinzekile, igumbi lokusabalalisa ugesi, indawo yokulawula intuthu kanye negumbi lokukhipha intuthu namanye amagumbi asadinga ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile uma kusha kusazoqinisekisa ukukhanya okujwayelekile. ukukhanya.

I-athikili 11.3.3 yemithethonqubo yokwakha ibeka ukuthi amalambu ezimo eziphuthumayo kufanele abekwe engxenyeni engenhla yodonga, ophahleni noma phezulu lapho ephuma khona.

Isigaba 11.3.4 semithethonqubo yokwakha ibeka ukuthi ukumiswa kwezimpawu zezinkomba zokuphuma kokukhanya kuzothobelana nalezi zinhlinzeko ezilandelayo:
1. "Indlela yokuphuma esimweni esiphuthumayo" izosetshenziswa njengophawu ngenhla ngqo komnyango ophumayo esimweni esiphuthumayo kanye nomnyango wokuphuma;

2. Izimpawu zezinkomba zokuphuma ezilula ezibekwe eceleni kwendlela yokuphuma zizosethwa odongeni ngaphansi kwe-1m ukusuka phansi endleleni yokuphuma kanye nekhona layo, futhi isikhala sezimpawu zezinkomba zokuphuma ngeke sibe ngaphezu kwama-20m.Endabeni yokuhamba ngesikhwama, akumele ibe nkulu kune-10m, futhi ekhoneni lendlela yokuhamba, akumele ibe nkulu kune-1m.Amalambu ophawu oluphuthumayo abekwe phansi azoqinisekisa i-engeli yokubuka eqhubekayo futhi isikhala akumele sibe ngaphezu kwama-5m.

Njengamanje, izinkinga ezinhlanu ezilandelayo zivame ukuvela ekusebenzeni kahle nasekuhleleni izibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo: okokuqala, izibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo kufanele zibekwe ezingxenyeni ezifanele azibekiwe;Okwesibili, isikhundla sezibani zokukhanyisa eziphuthumayo zomlilo siphansi kakhulu, inombolo ayanele, futhi ukukhanya akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokucaciswa;Okwesithathu, amalambu ophawu lwezimo eziphuthumayo abekwe endleleni yokuphuma awafakiwe odongeni ngaphansi kwe-1m, indawo yokufaka iphakeme kakhulu, futhi isikhala sikhulu kakhulu, esidlula isikhala esingu-20m esidingwa yincazelo, ikakhulukazi endleleni yokuhamba yesikhwama. kanye nendawo esekhoneni le-walkway, inani lamalambu alanele futhi isikhala sikhulu kakhulu;Okwesine, uphawu lwezimo eziphuthumayo zomlilo lubonisa indlela okungeyona futhi alukwazi ukukhomba ngendlela efanele lapho kuphuma khona;Okwesihlanu, ukukhanya komhlabathi noma izimpawu zezinkomba zokuphuma kwesitoreji akufanele zisethwe, noma nakuba zisethiwe, azikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokubukwayo.

Ukuze ugweme ukuba khona kwezinkinga ezingenhla, inhlangano yokuqondisa umlilo kufanele iqinise ukugada nokuhlolwa kwendawo yokwakha, ithole izinkinga ngesikhathi futhi imise ukwakhiwa okungekho emthethweni.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ngokuqinile ukwamukelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukusebenza kwezibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo kuhlangabezana nezinga futhi zihlelwe endaweni.

5, Izinga lomkhiqizo wezibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo.
Ngo-2007, isifundazwe senza ukuqapha kanye nokuhlola okungahleliwe emikhiqizweni yokucisha umlilo.Ingqikithi yamaqoqo angu-19 emikhiqizo yokukhanyisa izimo eziphuthumayo yokucisha umlilo yakhethwa, futhi amaqoqo ama-4 kuphela emikhiqizo afanelekile, futhi izinga lokusampula elifanelekayo lalingama-21% kuphela.Imiphumela yokuhlola indawo ibonisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yokukhanyisa izimo eziphuthumayo zomlilo ikakhulukazi inezinkinga ezilandelayo: okokuqala, ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri akuhlangabezani nezidingo ezijwayelekile.Isibonelo: ibhethri le-lead-acid, amathathu awekho amabhethri noma angahambisani nebhethri lokuhlola isitifiketi;Okwesibili, umthamo webhethri uphansi futhi isikhathi esiphuthumayo asikho ezingeni;Okwesithathu, amasekhethi okukhipha uketshezi oluningi kanye nokuvikela ukushajwa ngaphezulu awadlali indima yawo efanele.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abanye abakhiqizi bashintsha amasekhethi emikhiqizo eqediwe ngaphandle kwemvume ukuze kwehliswe izindleko, futhi benze lula noma bangasethi amasekhethi okuvikela okuchithwa nokukhokhiswa ngaphezulu;Okwesine, ukukhanya okungaphezulu esimweni esiphuthumayo akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile, ukukhanya akulingani, futhi igebe likhulu kakhulu.

Izindinganiso kazwelonke zokuphepha komlilo izimpawu gb13495 kanye nezibani eziphuthumayo umlilo GB17945 wenze izinhlinzeko ezicacile ngemingcele yezobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kwengxenye, imininingwane kanye onobuhle of izibani eziphuthumayo umlilo.Okwamanje, amanye amalambu ezimo eziphuthumayo akhiqizwa futhi adayiswa emakethe awahlangabezani nezidingo zokufinyelela emakethe futhi awakawutholi umbiko wokuhlola kazwelonke ohambisanayo.Eminye imikhiqizo ayihlangabezani namazinga ngokwemibandela yokungaguquguquki komkhiqizo futhi eminye imikhiqizo iyehluleka ukuphumelela ukuhlolwa kokusebenza.Abanye abakhiqizi abangekho emthethweni, abathengisi kanye nemibiko yokuhlola engelona iqiniso bakhiqiza futhi bathengise imikhiqizo engelona iqiniso nengamadumbe noma imikhiqizo entula, okuphazamisa kakhulu imakethe yemikhiqizo yezicishamlilo.

Ngakho-ke, inhlangano eqondisa umlilo kufanele, ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko ezifanele zomthetho wokuvikela umlilo kanye nomthetho wekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, iqinise ukugadwa nokuhlolwa okungahleliwe kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wezibani eziphuthumayo zomlilo, iphenye ngokucophelela futhi ibhekane nokukhiqizwa okungekho emthethweni nokuziphatha kokuthengisa. ngokuhlola imakethe okungahleliwe kanye nokuhlolwa kwendawo, ukuze kuhlanzwe imakethe yomkhiqizo womlilo.